I’m usually the last one to blame motherhood for anything, but there’s a compelling argument in a science journal this week that points the finger at motherhood for the dearth of female scientists, specifically when we decide to become mothers.
The New Scientist magazine published an opinion piece by two British female scientists Seirian Sumner and Nathalie Pettorelli that looks at “The high cost of being a woman in science” and details the top reasons why there are so few women and “what can we do to stop the loss of women from science?”
Alas, you working moms aren’t going to like what they deem the top reason:
“The first gender stumbling block is that men and women differ starkly in reproductive terms.”
The authors specifically look at the requirements of becoming a scientist and point to how “early postdoc years demand high flexibility, hopping between short term contracts to benefit from the international and intellectual experiences and acquire the skills needed to secure those much sought after permanent jobs.”
That means aspiring scientists are doing much of this work in their twenties and many women, they write, are loathe to delay giving birth into their thirties because it can mean “giving it up forever.” (Note: I waited until my thirties and it all worked out OK.)
Another point, which I have written about before, is the supportive spouse advantage.
The authors point to a “Mothers In Science” publication put out by the Royal Society in England that included profiles of successful women scientists. The pamphlet includes endless stories of women with hubbies who have supported them throughout their careers. About 80 percent of the 64 women they profiled, the authors write, had spouses who were also academics.
Hubby support also shows up in other professions, such as medicine and journalism:
From a past CareerDiva post:
If I’ve said it once, I’ve said it one thousand times – if it weren’t for my husband my career would never have made it to the level it is now. When I was writing my book there were many nights when I was trapped in my office hearing my husband prepare dinner, do homework with the kids and then start the laundry. One study asked women in medicine how they were able to balance medicine, motherhood and madness. Who better to ask about dealing with a hectic career and motherhood than women physicians. Well, one of their big tips: pick your partner well.
Clearly, there are reasons beyond motherhood and bad significant other, including gender bias. One report titled “Why So Few? Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics” put out by American Association of University Women found that women do face roadblocks they can’t always control, including “stereotypes, gender bias and the climate of science and engineering departments in colleges and universities – that continue to block women’s participation and progress in science, technology, engineering, and math.”
What ever the reasons, the problem is real and growing in the United States. The AAUW report found that:
Among first-year college students, women are much less likely than men to say that they intend to major in science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM). By graduation, men outnumber women in nearly every science and engineering field, and in some, such as physics, engineering, and computer science, the difference is dramatic, with women earning only 20 percent of bachelor’s degrees. Women’s representation in science and engineering declines further at the graduate level and yet again in the transition to the workplace.
We may not always have control over discrimination in this society, but we can make different decisions when it comes to who we marry and when we have children, and not be dictated to by society yet again. What’s your take?
July 20th, 2011 at 10:54 am
Great post, not sure if you saw this article, but it certainly shows we have the necessary brainpower: American Girls Sweep Google’s First Science Fair, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/19/science/19google.html
July 20th, 2011 at 11:32 am
Christine is so right, Eve.
I think the choice of spouse and choice of company/work environment is so important.
About five years ago I interviewed an executive who had turned down a company offer when she was told her new division would require her to relocate every two years. She went with a competitior who didn’t make that demand.Her husband became a stay at home father after the birth of her third and fourth children (twins.) She was less than a half hour away from two sets of parents. So yes, who we marry and where we chose to work and live can make a considerable difference in the career success we experience.
July 20th, 2011 at 3:12 pm
I believe the argument about the demands of the job schedule are not as straight forward as they suggest. If it were so, you’d expect to see the same avoidance of other jobs with similar demands, like nursing. New nurses often spend years working the least desirable shifts before they get to move into more stable or more preferred schedules.
July 20th, 2011 at 3:18 pm
You make a good point HikingStick about what nurses and also doctors face, but you still see a lot of women in these professions. I think it may come down to the flexibility that Amy talks about. Nurses don’t have to travel to make a name for themselves, and the profession of medicine has become very flexible in terms of offering docs job sharing and reduced hours.
Clearly women have the chops to be great scientists, as Christine points out.
Maybe the whole scientific community is just to macho-centric and needs to get with today’s family realities.
July 20th, 2011 at 3:32 pm
Such a great conversation starter! This conversation should never stop. Going into graduate school I knew that I needed to consider my career and my future goals with the idea of having a family in mind. Females have much more on their plate as far as considering careers. Some of us do sacrifice a career we ultimately want to be in for something related but less demanding so that we can juggle the struggles and balances of being a devoted wife, a supportive parent, while contributing to the finances of the family and fulfilling our own needs.
We need more advocates for young women in higher education who can help them to weigh their option and set a realistic plan that is not going to end in disappointment but rather a comprimising balance. I was lucky that I was so engaged in my own career development and overly involved in setting goals and making a plan. Had I not been, I may still be pursuing a career that may have made it nearly impossible to enjoy all of the things I am enjoying now in my personal life while still being in a career area I love.
Thank you for this blog post!
July 20th, 2011 at 4:15 pm
Then there’s the old (and some would say, tired) distinction between some science careers (e.g., research scientist) and careers in medecine: social interaction. With careers in medicine (practicing medecine), the science is couched in an environment that is very contact-intesive. Doctors and nurses spend their time interacting with people while they practice their science. Research scientists (and many other scientific careers) often spend more time in laboratory settings, or working with equipment and data. Social interactions are still present, but they are more limited (i.e., limited to a work team or reseach group) than medicinal practitioners who interact with the public on a regular basis.
July 21st, 2011 at 12:31 pm
No one should have to make a choice between a job and his or her family. But since these choices still exist, it seems to me it’s not a reproductive issue but a family/marriage issue. If you decide what type of parent and spouse you want to be, it then becomes a matter of priorities. Sure, there are sacrifices, but there are never regrets.
July 21st, 2011 at 2:20 pm
Everyone makes choices between job and family. Some people are just in positions where it is easier to choose family, if so desired.
Not a day goes by where I don’t wish I could be at home with my family, either working from home or running a business with my family members. Yet the reality of our life circumstances are such where we need the regular income and benefits offered by a full time job.
Ideally, there are no regrets, but there are doubts. Oftentimes, many of them.
July 25th, 2011 at 6:12 am
I love that tip about picking your husband well. It’s not unheard of for spouses to get in the way of people’s ambitions and career paths, and you really need someone who’s supportive of your goals and makes sure to actively work and help to make your goals possible.
September 1st, 2011 at 5:43 am
I think most woman are not willing to sacrifice their youth for academic advances, they are bound to social norm and acceptance.